Pankhani yobwezeretsansomapanelo a dzuwa, zenizeni ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kuzilekanitsa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zigawo zawo.Njira zobwezeretsanso zomwe zikugwira ntchito pano sizikuyenda bwino, osanenapo, mtengo wobwezeretsa zinthu ndi wokwera kwambiri.Pamtengo wamtengo uwu, ndizomveka ngati mungafune kugula gulu latsopano kwathunthu.Koma pali zolimbikitsa kuti ziwonjezekenso kukonzanso kwa solar panel - kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kutulutsa mpweya, kutsitsa mtengo, ndikuchotsa zinyalala zapoizoni m'malo otayira.Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wa dzuwa, kukonza koyenera kwa solar panel ndi kubwezeretsanso kwakhala gawo lofunikira pamsika wa solar.
Kodi mapanelo adzuwa amapangidwa ndi chiyani?
Ma solar opangidwa ndi siliconKodi mapanelo adzuwa amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito?Yankho limatengera zomwe ma solar panels anu amapangidwa.Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa zamitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mapanelo adzuwa.Silicon ndiye semiconductor yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma cell a solar.Zimawerengera zoposa 95% za ma module omwe amagulitsidwa mpaka pano ndipo ndi chinthu chachiwiri chochuluka chomwe chimapezeka pa Dziko Lapansi, chotsatiridwa ndi mpweya.Maselo a crystalline silicon amapangidwa kuchokera ku maatomu a silicon olumikizidwa mu crystal lattice.Latisi iyi imapereka dongosolo lokonzekera lomwe limalola mphamvu yowunikira kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi bwino kwambiri.Maselo a dzuwa opangidwa ndi silicon amapereka ndalama zotsika mtengo, zogwira mtima kwambiri komanso moyo wautali, monga ma modules akuyembekezeka kukhala zaka 25 kapena kuposerapo, kupanga zoposa 80% za mphamvu zoyambirira.Mafilimu Opyapyala a Solar Panel Ma cell a solar amakanema amapangidwa poyika zinthu zowonda kwambiri za PV pazinthu zothandizira monga pulasitiki, galasi kapena chitsulo.Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma semiconductors a film photovoltaic: copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) ndi cadmium telluride (CdTe).Onse akhoza kuikidwa mwachindunji kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa gawo lapansi.CdTe imakhala yachiwiri yodziwika bwino ya photovoltaic pambuyo pa silicon, ndipo maselo ake amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsika mtengo.Chodabwitsa ndichakuti sizowoneka bwino ngati sililicon yabwino.Ponena za ma cell a CIGS, ali ndi zida zabwino kwambiri za PV zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba mu labotale, koma zovuta zophatikiza zinthu 4 zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kuchokera ku labotale kupita kumalo opangira zinthu kukhala kovuta kwambiri.Ma CdTe ndi CIGS onse amafunikira chitetezo chochulukirapo kuposa silicon kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yayitali bwanjimapanelo a dzuwachomaliza?
Ma solar ambiri okhalamo amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zosachepera 25 asanayambe kutsika kwambiri.Ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka 25, mapanelo anu ayenera kutulutsa mphamvu pa 80% ya mtengo wawo woyambirira.Chifukwa chake, mapanelo anu adzuwa apitiliza kutembenuza kuwala kwadzuwa kukhala mphamvu yadzuwa, sizikhala bwino pakapita nthawi.Sizikudziwika kuti solar panel kusiya kugwira ntchito kwathunthu, koma dziwani kuti kuwonongeka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira kuti musinthe.Kuwonjezera pa kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito, palinso zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze mphamvu ya magetsi a dzuwa.Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti, pamene mapanelo anu a dzuwa akupanga magetsi mogwira mtima, mumasunga ndalama zambiri.
Photovoltaic zinyalala - kuyang'ana manambala
Malinga ndi a Sam Vanderhoof a Recycle PV Solar, 10% ya mapanelo adzuwa asinthidwanso, ndipo 90% amapita kumalo otayirako.Chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kufika pamlingo wofanana chifukwa ntchito yobwezeretsanso solar panel ikupanga kudumpha kwaukadaulo kwatsopano.Nawa manambala omwe muyenera kuwaganizira:
Mayiko 5 apamwamba akuyembekezeka kupanga matani pafupifupi 78 miliyoni a zinyalala za solar pofika 2050.
Kubwezeretsanso ma sola kumawononga pakati pa $15 ndi $45
Kutaya ma solar m'malo otayirako omwe siangozi kumawononga pafupifupi $1
Mtengo wotaya zinyalala zowopsa pamalo otayirapo ndi pafupifupi $5
Zida zobwezerezedwanso kuchokera ku mapanelo adzuwa zitha kukhala pafupifupi $450 miliyoni pofika 2030
Pofika 2050, mtengo wazinthu zonse zobwezerezedwanso ukhoza kupitilira $15 biliyoni.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa kukukulirakulirabe, ndipo sikuli kutali kuti nyumba zonse zatsopano zidzakhala ndi ma solar panels m'tsogolomu.Kubwezeretsanso zida zamtengo wapatali, kuphatikiza siliva ndi silicon, kuchokera pa mapanelo adzuwa kumafuna njira zosinthira makonda a sola.Kulephera kupanga njira zothetsera mavutowa, pamodzi ndi ndondomeko zothandizira kulera ana ambiri, ndi njira yobweretsera tsoka.
Kodi mapanelo adzuwa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito?
Ma solar panel nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kapena zogwiritsidwanso ntchito.Zinthu monga galasi ndi zitsulo zina zimapanga pafupifupi 80% ya mphamvu ya solar ndipo ndizosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso.Momwemonso, ma polima ndi zida zamagetsi zama solar panel zitha kubwezeretsedwanso.Koma zenizeni zobwezeretsanso solar panel ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kuzilekanitsa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito zida zawo.Njira zobwezeretsanso zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano sizothandiza.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wobwezeretsanso zinthuzo ukhoza kukhala wokwera kuposa mtengo wopangira mapanelo atsopano.
Nkhawa za zosakaniza zovuta za zipangizo
Pafupifupi 95% ya mapanelo adzuwa omwe amagulitsidwa lero amapangidwa kuchokera ku crystalline silicon, ndipo ma cell a photovoltaic amapangidwa kuchokera ku silicon semiconductors.Amapangidwa kuti azitha kupirira maelementi kwa zaka zambiri.Ma solar panel amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma cell olumikizana a photovoltaic okulungidwa mu pulasitiki kenaka amamangika pakati pa galasi ndi backsheet.Gulu lokhazikika limakhala ndi chimango chachitsulo (nthawi zambiri aluminiyamu) ndi waya wamkuwa wakunja.Ma crystalline silicon mapanelo amapangidwa ndi galasi, komanso amaphatikizanso silicon, mkuwa, siliva, malata, lead, pulasitiki ndi aluminiyamu.Ngakhale makampani ogwiritsira ntchito solar panel amatha kulekanitsa chimango cha aluminiyamu ndi waya wamkuwa wakunja, ma cell a photovoltaic amakutidwa m'magawo ndi zigawo za pulasitiki ya ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ndikumangirira pagalasi.Chifukwa chake, njira zowonjezera zimafunikira kuti mubwezeretsenso siliva, silicon yoyera kwambiri ndi mkuwa kuchokera pazophatikizika.
Kodi mungakonzenso bwanji mapanelo adzuwa?
Ngati mukudabwa momwe amasinthiranso ma solar, pali njira yochitira izi.Pulasitiki, magalasi ndi zitsulo - zomangira zopangira ma solar - zitha kubwezeretsedwanso payekhapayekha, koma mkati mwa solar panel yogwira ntchito, zidazi zimaphatikizana kupanga chinthu chimodzi.Chovuta chenicheni ndicho kulekanitsa zigawozo kuti zibwezeretsenso bwino, ndikuwongoleranso ma cell a silicon omwe amafunikira njira zapadera zobwezeretsanso.Mosasamala mtundu wa gulu, mabokosi ophatikizika, zingwe ndi mafelemu ayenera kuchotsedwa poyamba.Mapanelo opangidwa ndi silicon nthawi zambiri amaphwanyidwa kapena kuphwanyidwa, ndipo zinthuzo zimasiyanitsidwa mwadongosolo kutengera mtundu wazinthu ndikutumizidwa kunjira zosiyanasiyana zobwezeretsanso.Nthawi zina, kupatukana kwamankhwala kotchedwa delamination kumafunika kuchotsa zigawo za polima kuchokera ku semiconductor ndi magalasi.Zida monga mkuwa, siliva, aluminiyamu, silicon, zingwe zotsekera, galasi ndi silicon zimatha kupatulidwa mwamakina kapena mwamankhwala ndikusinthidwanso, koma kubwezeretsanso zida za solar za CdTe ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zida zopangidwa kuchokera ku silicon.Zimaphatikizapo kulekanitsa thupi ndi mankhwala kutsatiridwa ndi mvula yachitsulo.Njira zina zimaphatikizira kuwotcha ma polima kapena kutulutsa zinthu padera.Ukadaulo wa "Hot mpeni" umalekanitsa galasi ndi ma cell a solar podula mapanelo okhala ndi tsamba lalitali lachitsulo lomwe limatenthedwa kufika madigiri 356 mpaka 392 Fahrenheit.
Kufunika kwa msika wachiwiri wa solar panel pakuchepetsa zinyalala za photovoltaic
Ma sola okonzedwanso amagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa mapanelo atsopano, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa zinyalala za dzuwa.Popeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu za semiconductor zomwe zimafunikira mabatire ndizochepa, mwayi waukulu ndi wotsika mtengo wopangira komanso zopangira.Jay Granat, mwiniwake wa Jay's Energy Equipment, anati: “Mapanelo osasweka amakhala ndi munthu wofunitsitsa kuwagula ndi kuwagwiritsanso ntchito kwinakwake padziko lapansi.Mapulaneti amtundu wachiwiri ndi msika wokongola ponena za kuchepetsa zinyalala za photovoltaic kwa ma solar panels omwe ali oyenerera ngati ma solar atsopano pamtengo wabwino.
Mapeto
Chofunikira ndichakuti pankhani yobwezeretsanso solar panel, si ntchito yophweka ndipo pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zikukhudzidwa.Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti titha kunyalanyaza kubwezeredwa kwa PV ndikuwalola kuti awonongeke m'malo otayirako.Tiyenera kukhala okonda zachilengedwe ndi kukonzanso kwa solar panel pazifukwa zodzikonda, ngati palibe chifukwa china. M'kupita kwanthawi, tidzasamalira moyo wathu posamalira ma solar panels moona mtima.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-07-2024