- Mau oyamba a Maselo
(1) Mwachidule:Maselo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zakupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi njira yawo yaumisiri ndi mlingo wa ndondomeko zimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ndi moyo wautumiki wa ma modules a photovoltaic.Maselo a Photovoltaic ali pakatikati pa unyolo wamakampani a photovoltaic.Ndi mapepala owonda a semiconductor omwe amatha kusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka pokonza zowotcha za silicon imodzi/poly crystalline.
Mfundo yakupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaicamachokera ku photoelectric zotsatira za semiconductors.Kupyolera mu kuunikira, kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo kumapangidwa pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a semiconductors kapena ma semiconductors ophatikizidwa ndi zitsulo.Amasinthidwa kuchokera ku photons (mafunde opepuka) kukhala ma elekitironi ndi mphamvu yowunikira kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kuti apange voteji.ndi ndondomeko yamakono.Zophika za silicon zomwe zimapangidwa mu ulalo wakumtunda sizingayendetse magetsi, ndipo ma cell opangidwa ndi dzuwa amazindikira mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya ma module a photovoltaic.
(2) Gulu:Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtundu wa gawo lapansi, maselo amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:Maselo amtundu wa P ndi maselo amtundu wa N.Doping boron mu silicon makhiristo akhoza kupanga P-mtundu semiconductors;phosphorous ya doping imatha kupanga ma semiconductors amtundu wa N.Zopangira za batri yamtundu wa P ndi P-mtundu wa silicon wafer (wopangidwa ndi boron), ndipo zopangira za batri yamtundu wa N ndi N-mtundu wa silicon wafer (wopangidwa ndi phosphorous).Maselo amtundu wa P makamaka amaphatikizapo BSF (cell aluminium back field cell) ndi PERC (passivated emitter ndi cell cell);Maselo amtundu wa N ali pakali pano ukadaulo wodziwika bwino kwambiriTOPCon(tunneling oxide layer passivation contact) ndi HJT (filimu yopyapyala ya Hetero junction).Batire yamtundu wa N imayendetsa magetsi kudzera mu ma electron, ndipo kuwala kochititsa chidwi chifukwa cha atomu ya boron-oxygen ndi yochepa, kotero kuti kutembenuka kwa photoelectric kumakhala kopambana.
3. Kuyambitsa batire ya PERC
(1) Mwachidule: Dzina lonse la batri la PERC ndi "emitter and back passivation battery", lomwe mwachibadwa limachokera ku AL-BSF ya batire ya aluminium wamba.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe ake, awiriwa ndi ofanana, ndipo batire ya PERC ili ndi gawo limodzi lokha lakumbuyo kuposa batire ya BSF (ukadaulo wam'badwo wam'mbuyo).Mapangidwe a stack passivation stack amalola selo la PERC kuti lichepetse kuthamanga kwa kubwereranso kumbuyo ndikuwongolera kuwala kwa kumbuyo ndikuwongolera kusintha kwa selo.
(2) Mbiri yachitukuko: Kuyambira 2015, mabatire apanyumba a PERC alowa mu siteji ya kukula mofulumira.Mu 2015, mphamvu zopangira batire za PERC zapakhomo zidafika pamalo oyamba padziko lapansi, zomwe zidapangitsa 35% ya mphamvu yopanga batire ya PERC padziko lonse lapansi.Mu 2016, "Photovoltaic Top Runner Program" yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi National Energy Administration idatsogolera kuyambika kwamakampani opanga ma cell a PERC ku China, ndikuchita bwino kwa 20.5%.2017 ndi nthawi yosinthira msika wama cell a photovoltaic.Gawo la msika la maselo ochiritsira linayamba kuchepa.Gawo la msika wapakhomo la PERC lakula mpaka 15%, ndipo mphamvu zake zopanga zidakwera mpaka 28.9GW;
Kuyambira 2018, mabatire a PERC akhala otchuka pamsika.Mu 2019, kupanga kwakukulu kwa ma cell a PERC kudzachulukirachulukira, ndikupanga mphamvu zambiri za 22.3%, kuwerengera zoposa 50% ya mphamvu zopanga, kupitilira ma cell a BSF kukhala ukadaulo wodziwika bwino kwambiri wama cell a photovoltaic.Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa CPIA, pofika chaka cha 2022, kuchuluka kwa ma cell a PERC kudzafika 23.3%, ndipo mphamvu yopangira idzakhala yoposa 80%, ndipo gawo la msika lidzakhala loyamba.
4. TOPCon batire
(1) Kufotokozera:TOPCon batri, ndiye kuti, tunneling oxide layer passivation contact cell, imakonzedwa kumbuyo kwa batri yokhala ndi ultra-thin tunneling oxide wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza kwambiri doped polysilicon woonda wosanjikiza, amene pamodzi kupanga mawonekedwe passivation kukhudzana.Mu 2013, idaperekedwa ndi Fraunhofer Institute ku Germany.Poyerekeza ndi maselo a PERC, imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito silicon yamtundu wa n monga gawo lapansi.Poyerekeza ndi ma cell a silicon amtundu wa p, silicon yamtundu wa n ili ndi moyo wautali wonyamula anthu ochepa, kutembenuka kwakukulu, komanso kuwala kofooka.Chachiwiri ndi kukonzekera passivation wosanjikiza (ultra-thin silikoni okusayidi SiO2 ndi doped poly silicon woonda wosanjikiza Poly-Si) kumbuyo kupanga kukhudzana passivation dongosolo kuti amalekanitsa kwathunthu dera doped zitsulo, amene angathe kuchepetsa kumbuyo pamwamba.The ochepa chonyamulira recombination Mwina pakati pamwamba ndi zitsulo bwino kutembenuka dzuwa la batire.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-29-2023